
固態物理 = 晶體結構 + 聲子 + 布洛赫電子 + 能帶 + 輸運 + 光電磁響應 + 半導體 + 磁性 + 超導 + 缺陷/界面/低維固體。
本文對「固態物理學」主題範圍的整理,主要參考 Kittel 的《Introduction to Solid State Physics》、Ashcroft 與 Mermin 的《 Solid State Physics》、Simon 的《 The Oxford Solid State Basics》、Snoke 的《 Solid State Physics: Essential Concepts》、Grosso 與 Pastori Parravicini 的《 Solid State Physics》等固態物理學教材。
一、固體結構與晶體學
這是固態物理的地基。
包括:
- 晶體結構、晶格、基底、原胞、單胞
- 布拉維晶格、晶系、點群、空間群
- 倒易晶格、布里淵區、晶面指數
- X 光、電子、中子繞射
- 結構因子、原子散射因子
- 非理想晶體、堆疊錯誤、多型
- 非晶、玻璃、準晶、短程有序/中程有序
- 離子晶體、共價晶體、金屬晶體、分子晶體、氫鍵晶體
- 凝聚能、Madelung 能、排斥能、van der Waals 作用
- 彈性常數、彈性波、體積模量、壓縮率
- 應變、應力、彈性能量密度
- 位錯、塑性變形、硬度、晶體強度
- 單原子鏈、雙原子鏈、三維晶格振動
- 正規模、聲學支、光學支
- 聲子量子化
- Einstein 模型、Debye 模型
- 聲子態密度、低溫熱容
- 熱膨脹、非諧效應、熔化
- 晶格熱導率、Umklapp 過程
- Debye–Waller 因子、Mössbauer 效應
- 聲子與光子、聲子與電子相互作用
- Drude 金屬理論
- Sommerfeld 自由電子費米氣體
- Fermi–Dirac 分布
- 電子比熱
- 金屬電導、熱導、Wiedemann–Franz 定律
- Hall 效應
- Pauli 順磁性、Landau 抗磁性
- Fermi surface
- de Haas–van Alphen 效應
- cyclotron resonance
- 金屬的能帶與費米面測量
- 週期勢場中的 Schrödinger 方程
- Bloch 定理
- crystal momentum
- nearly-free electron model
- tight-binding model
- Kronig–Penney model
- 能隙的形成
- 有效質量
- 電子與電洞
- 態密度、Van Hove singularity
- 金屬、半導體、絕緣體的能帶分類
- Wigner–Seitz、OPW、APW、KKR、pseudopotential 等能帶計算方法
- Wannier functions
- Hartree 近似
- Hartree–Fock 近似
- exchange energy
- correlation effects
- Thomas–Fermi screening
- Lindhard screening
- dielectric function
- plasma oscillation
- plasmons
- Friedel oscillation
- Fermi liquid
- Kondo effect
- Mott metal-insulator transition
- electron-electron interaction
- 本質半導體與摻雜半導體
- donor / acceptor impurity states
- 載子濃度、Fermi level、mass action law
- mobility、resistivity、Hall coefficient
- 電子與電洞輸運
- 非平衡載子
- 產生與復合
- p-n junction
- rectification
- Schottky barrier
- metal–semiconductor contact
- heterojunction
- MOS structure
- MOSFET
- BJT
- LED、solar cell、semiconductor laser
- 半經典运動方程
- Bloch 電子波包
- Boltzmann equation
- relaxation time approximation
- impurity scattering
- electron-phonon scattering
- 電導率、熱導率、熱電效應
- Hall effect、magnetoresistance
- quantum oscillations
- Landauer conductance
- mesoscopic / nanostructure transport
- localization
- optical constants
- dielectric function
- Kramers–Kronig relations
- Drude optical response
- interband transitions
- excitons
- Raman scattering
- Brillouin scattering
- XPS、EELS
- polaritons
- polarons
- dielectric constant
- local field
- ferroelectricity
- antiferroelectricity
- piezoelectricity
- structural phase transition
- soft optical phonons
- diamagnetism
- paramagnetism
- Pauli paramagnetism
- Landau diamagnetism
- localized magnetic moments
- Hund rules
- crystal field splitting
- Van Vleck paramagnetism
- ferromagnetism
- ferrimagnetism
- antiferromagnetism
- exchange interaction
- Heisenberg model
- Ising model
- spin waves / magnons
- magnetic domains
- hysteresis
- Kondo impurities
- NMR、EPR、FMR、AFMR
- Knight shift
- spintronics、GMR、TMR、spin-transfer torque
- superconductivity phenomenology
- zero resistance
- Meissner effect
- type-I / type-II superconductors
- thermodynamics of superconducting transition
- London equation
- Ginzburg–Landau theory
- BCS theory
- Cooper pairs
- energy gap
- isotope effect
- coherence length
- flux quantization
- vortex state
- Josephson effect
- SQUID
- high-temperature superconductors
- surface reconstruction
- surface relaxation
- surface states
- work function
- thermionic emission
- surface transport
- interface physics
- p-n interface、Schottky interface、heterointerface
- vacancies
- color centers
- diffusion
- dislocations
- grain boundaries
- stacking faults
- crystal growth
- alloys
- order-disorder transition
- phase diagrams
- amorphous semiconductors
- glasses
- fiber optics
- 2D electron gas
- surface / interface 2D channel
- integer quantum Hall effect
- fractional quantum Hall effect
- nanostructures
- 1D subbands
- quantum wires
- quantum dots
- conductance quantization
- Coulomb blockade / Coulomb oscillations
- resonant tunneling
- localization
- semiconductor nanocrystals

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